Analysis

Low-resource devices have restricted computing capabilities. This is because of the energy limitations of their small batteries and often rudimentary computational hardware. These devices could instead use computational offloading to overcome these limitations. This can be done by sending sensor data to a nearby edge device or the cloud for processing. Offloading allows even the most complex data processing, but only if the server executing the processing has unencrypted access to the data.

This privacy risk is addressed by a new technology known as homomorphically encrypted computing. Here, the client encrypts its data thereby providing the encrypted data for offloading. The offloaded processing occurs without ever decrypting the data.

Encrypted computing has a prohibitively high processing cost, making it largely unfeasible. Advances in computer architecture and algorithms have recently made it possible to offload encrypted work at a reasonable cost. Thus, allowing the approach to be implemented. These advancements, however, neglect the costs of encrypted computing on low-resource clients. These are related to preparing data for encrypted processing and encrypting the data. For low-resource devices, encrypted offload computing is unaffordable due to these costs.

Now, a research group has created novel algorithms and hardware designs that directly address these costs to client devices. They may even include those that are yet to be developed. The innovation will enable encrypted offloading even on low-resource clients. The work is highly relevant for the Homomorphic Encryption Market as it can assist clients in participating in encrypted computing for various applications.

These are really adaptable concepts and implementations that will be quite beneficial in the future.

The device encrypts the data so that computations can be conducted on it without having to decrypt it for encrypted computing. The disadvantage is that the encrypted data can only be used for linear operations like addition and multiplication.

Researchers showed that participation in these schemes is not feasible for these resource-constrained clients. Further, they demonstrated that, counterintuitively, having this continual engagement with fewer ciphertexts is actually better for the client. In comparison to using all of their energy to send a tonne of data at the start and decrypt a tonne of data at the conclusion. This way, they can save up to three orders of magnitude on communication expenditures.

This research also presented new algorithms that simplify computations. This is done by reducing the size of encrypted data and hardware that allows the usage of these techniques. Both are made specifically for these low-power clients. Researchers can ensure that their work will assist with a variety of goals by developing devices under these limits.

Patients healing physically from traumatic injury are always at risk for psychological discomfort, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Early detection of PTSD and depression risk is generally under the care of the trauma department. It is also one of the important factors for assisting injured patients in a full recovery.

Predictive screeners are one effective technique to identify injured patients who are most likely to develop post-injury depression or PTSD. Resources and Follow-up treatments can be deployed towards patients, especially ones identified as at risk of developing major depression or PTSD following a traumatic injury.

In a first-of-its-kind study, researchers evaluated the performance of two predictive screeners in a group disproportionately touched by traumatic injury: urban Black men in the United States. The findings could lay the foundation for innovating therapies, thus advancing the Depression Therapeutics Market.

Researchers have confirmed the performance of the Penn Richmond Screener and the Posttraumatic Adjustment Scale (PAS). Both were produced using different techniques and in various nations in predicting the future appearance of depression and/or PTSD. These findings could suggest that risk markers for adverse psychological effects of severe injury are consistent across populations and regions.

The conclusions add to our ability to identify patients at high risk for poor mental health outcomes after acute trauma care. This enables trauma programmes to focus on the patients who are most likely to benefit from follow-up examinations for the emergence of these diseases thereby allocating scarce resources effectively.

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The demand for electric vehicles is growing by leaps and bound in the United States. The situation has underlined the enormous difficulty in securing the battery technology required to make the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Before the EV rush and battery material constraint, developing a commercially viable sulphur battery was the biggest problem of the battery industry. Sulfur's vast natural supply and molecular structure, which allows it to retain more energy, could be a solution for the issues being faced by the EV market.
 
Researchers have developed a way to inject sulphur into lithium-ion batteries, with impressive results. They hope that the new technique can generate batteries that are superior to those currently used in electric vehicles. Further, the best part about the innovation is that it can be made from readily available materials. The research is a considerable contribution to the Electric Vehicle Battery Pack Market as they can provide a method for avoiding the barriers that have hitherto impeded Li-S battery development. Thus, bringing the long-awaited technology closer to commercialization.
 
The team's discovery is a new method for producing and stabilizing a rare form of sulphur. The material is essentially used in carbonate electrolytes, the energy-transport liquid within commercial Li-ion batteries. This discovery is likely to make sulphur batteries commercially viable. Moreover, the batteries would also have three times the capacity of Li-ion batteries and be able to withstand more than 4,000 recharges—equivalent to more than ten years of use—a huge improvement.
 
Ether does not react with polysulfides. This is because the ether electrolyte is highly volatile and contains components with a boiling point as low as 42 degrees Celsius. So, any warming of the battery over room temperature could lead it to fail or melt. So, Li-S batteries with an ether electrolyte instead of a carbonate electrolyte can deliver exceptional performance in laboratory settings.
 
If the cathode in Li-ion batteries were replaced with a sulphur one, the need for manganese, nickel, and cobalt would be eliminated. These essential minerals are scarce and difficult to obtain without endangering human health and the environment. On the other hand, sulfur is found all over the world, and it is abundant in the United States since it is a waste product of petroleum extraction. This is an exciting discovery that could open the way for the development of more environmentally friendly and cost-effective battery technology.
 
Having a stable sulphur cathode that works in a carbonate electrolyte will allow researchers to investigate lithium anode alternatives. This may even include more earth-abundant options like sodium.
 
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A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is also known as an integrated optical circuit. It is a device that combines numerous (at least two) photonic functions compared to an electronic integrated circuit. A laser source pumps light into PICs, which drives the components. Integrated photonic technology overcomes the limits of electronics such as integration and heat generation by using light instead of electricity. Thus, the so-called "more than Moore" notion allows devices to reach the next level, which increases data transmission capacity and speed.
 
Frequency micro combs are specialized light sources that may be used to measure time, distance, and molecule composition with high precision. They can also be used as light-based sensors, rulers, and clocks. Unlike the cacophony of frequencies created by everyday light, each frequency of light is in a specialized light source called a "soliton." It works by frequency comb oscillation in unison, producing solitary pulses with stable timing. They are of great value within the PICs.
 
Stanford researchers have successfully developed a novel technique for examining the quantum features of these sources. One of the first demonstrations is that a tiny frequency comb on a chip may produce intriguing quantum light — non-classical light. The advancement could potentially improve the Photonics Market. It may pave the door for broader quantum light research employing the frequency comb and photonic integrated circuits in large-scale experiments.
 
The comb's "teeth" are distinct colors of light that are spaced so accurately that this system may be used to measure a wide range of phenomena and features. Microcombs, which are miniature versions of these combs in development, have the potential to improve a wide range of technologies. These include GPS, spaceship autonomy, autonomous vehicles, ultra-precise timekeeping, telecommunications, and green-house gas tracking.
 
On-chip frequency combs have been shown by a number of organizations in a range of materials, including the team's recent work in silicon carbide. However, the quantum optical properties of frequency combs have remained elusive until now. Thus, the team intended to use the group's quantum optics expertise to investigate the quantum aspects of the soliton micro combo.
 
While other labs have created soliton micro combs, the Stanford team is one of the first to look into the system's quantum optical features.
 
The researchers used laser light to produce their small comb by passing it through a microscopic ring of silicon carbide.
 
The laser intensifies as it travels around the ring, and if all goes well, a soliton is formed. The soliton crystal reveals that there are actually tiny light pulses in between the teeth, which were measured to deduce the entanglement structure.
 
Microcombs in data centers could speed up data transfer; in satellites, they could improve GPS accuracy or study the chemical makeup of far-off objects. Because solitons are projected to be highly entangled as soon as they are formed, the team is particularly interested in the possibilities for solitons in certain types of quantum computing as well as photonics integrated circuits.
 
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Combining treatments to find a solution to a medical condition is rare among researchers. The same is also valid for minimizing age effects. Good aging techniques that generate accurate and quick rejuvenation will have to be layered with several treatments. For instance, various senolytic medicines that help eliminate senescent cells. However, numerous factors are related to aging, making it challenging to find the right combination of medicines.
 
Furthermore, various calorie restriction imitations and other modestly upregulating stress responses aren't very efficient. It's also unclear which of them may be compounded for more significant benefit.
 
Researchers have now published a study that could help develop correct combinations to counter aging. They claimed that a combination therapy given to elderly mice for a few months improves their physical function by 20-40%. That time frame is attractive for Anti-Aging Market as it roughly equates to a decade or more of continuous treatment in an elderly person.

Physical performance loss, as evidenced by decreased grip strength and overall physical fitness in humans, is widely regarded as a result of aging. There are generally no treatments available to delay or reduce these changes or boost resilience. 
 
Thus, the team undertook a 20-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice study. For three months, they were fed with a standard mouse diet. It consisted of formulated mouse diet of phenylbutyrate (1000 ppm), acarbose (1000 ppm), and rapamycin (14 ppm). On the other hand, the other group was given a diet containing one-half dose of each drug or a diet containing one-half dose of each medicine. The results of the rotarod and grip strength tests were compared at the end of the study.
 
Rapamycin inhibits mTOR, a protein that regulates protein synthesis by integrating signals from growth factors and nutrition. The researchers found that rapamycin prolonged the longevity of mice. Thus, confirming the anti-aging impact of downregulating mTOR. 
 
Arcabose is a common type 2 diabetes drug that improves glucoregulatory control. Further, it also extends the lifespan of mice. Phenylbutyrate is a clinically approved ammonia scavenger for children with histone deacetylase inhibitor and urea cycle abnormalities. It improves physical and cognitive performance in aging rats.
 
In general, mice fed the full dosage drug cocktail food did better in these tests. Females fed the full dose cocktail showed significant gains in rotarod performance. Moreover, grip strength in both males and females fed the full dose cocktail.

These findings support the idea that short-term treatment with a cocktail of drugs that target multiple aging pathways can improve resilience to aging. In addition, this prototype cocktail could be used as part of a clinical therapeutic strategy for people who are losing physical performance as they age.
 
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Line drawing is known for its simplicity and minimalism. Artists usually struggle with abstract representations, and robots struggle much more. When creating an illustration, an artist must use abstraction and key visual features to capture the most crucial information. Abstraction entails determining the essential visual aspects of an item or scene, which requires semantic understanding and prior knowledge of high-level ideas.
 
An innovation would help examine a computer's capacity to simulate the abstract drawing process. Researchers have proposed an optimization-based photo-to-sketch technique. They're employing CLIP, a neural network trained on photos and text. The CLIP encoder provides a semantic comprehension of the exhibited issue, while the photo serves as a geometric foundation. They can achieve various levels of abstraction. A specific sketch dataset is not required for the proposed method to work. The research is highly relevant for Sketching Software Market as it presents a technique for drawing objects led by geometric and semantic simplifications.
 
Most sketch generation algorithms rely on explicit drawing datasets for training. On the other hand, Contrastive-Language-Image-Pretraining (CLIP) has the unique ability to infer semantic concepts from sketches and pictures alike. A sketch is described as a set of Bézier curves. The parameters of the curves are directly optimized against a CLIP-based perceptual loss. This is done through a differentiable rasterizer. The number of strokes controls the degree of abstraction. The resulting sketches include multiple layers of abstraction while maintaining the basic visual components, underlying structure, and subject's recognizability.
 
A differentiable rasterizer based on CLIP-based loss is used to optimize the stroke parameters. The finished sketch contains both semantic and aesthetic features to successfully express the essence of the information. The level is determined by the number of sketches used.

Climate change has taken drastic recourse in recent years and continues to do so. Due to the worsening climate, many sectors have been affected, such as human health, agricultural production, water levels, icebergs, etc. Leading public health organizations and medical journals have identified climate change as the single greatest threat to human health in the twenty-first century. Moreover, climate change is already causing more frequent, longer, and more severe extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and floods.
 
Following the heat dome, researchers from the Mental Health and Climate Change Alliance (MHCCA) discovered significantly increased climate change worry. As per the new study, extreme weather events also contribute to the rising anxiety about climate change. This study is a breakthrough for Mental Health Software Market as it is one of the first to show direct linkages between mental health concerns and climate change-related weather events. Thus, it may help produce more relevant mental health software in the future.
 
In the present study, the researchers argued that continual monitoring of climate change anxiety is required. This would better understand the impact of individual and compounding climate change-related weather occurrences over time. Their findings, based on data obtained from over 850 people over the age of 16, were as follows:
 

  1. Following the heat dome, British Columbians' average levels of climate change fear increased by almost 13%.

  2. After the hot wave, the majority of interviewees said they were very concerned (40.1%) or moderately concerned (18.4%) about climate change.

  3. Prior to the heat dome, 17.5 percent of residents thought their region would be ravaged by climate change. However, that number rose to 29.8 percent after the heat dome.

  4. The number of people who believed that climate change would affect the industry they worked in grew from 35.0 percent before the heat dome to 40.3 percent after the heat dome.

  5. The majority of individuals said they felt somewhat (40.8%) or severely (40.8%) depressed.

 
The study looks into a crucial link between two of the twenty-first century's most severe public health crises—namely, mental health and climate change. As a result, the work delivers a clear message: global health and human wellness are synonymous.
 
The researchers claim that their study is one of the first to employ a validated climate change anxiety measurement tool. This allowed the researchers to explore the effects of high heat on mental health in Canada. The results revealed fresh information that will help progress the field's research.

Individuals and communities all throughout the world are suffering direct and indirect impacts as a result of these occurrences. As people cope with anxieties and concerns about their local environment, the current study highlights how the most immediate of these impacts is decreased mental health.
 
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The world now has technology like Siri that helps check the weather for tomorrow. Another similar AI assistant is Alexa to plays favourite songs using speech recognition technology. However, these technologies necessitate the use of audible speech. What if a person cannot talk or if vocalized speech is inappropriate in a certain situation?
 
Thus, researchers have unveiled a device named Speechin. It refers to a silent-speech recognition (SSR) device that uses images of skin deformation in the neck and face. The information is collected by a neck-mounted infrared (IR) camera to detect silent orders. The technology is a massive contribution to World Elderly and Disabled Assistive devices Market. It would help disabled people and the elderly use AI assistants to carry out normal tasks. Further, humans can also use it generally in situations where speaking would be inappropriate.  
 
There are two issues here. First, why a necklace? Second, why is speech silent?. The team believes that a necklace is a more familiar form factor than ear-mounted gadgets, which may not be as pleasant. As far as silent speech, individuals may assume they already have a speech recognition gadget on their phones. But one needs to vocalize sound for them, which may not always be socially suitable, or the person may not have the ablility to vocalize speech.
 
The team added even with silent speaking; this technology has the ability to learn a person's speech patterns.

Researchers involved had created the original prototype in 2020. They stated that now they are introducing an altogether new form factor, new hardware, into this field.
 
The device looks a lot like NeckFace, a technology the team showed off last year. The necklace uses infrared cameras to collect photos of the chin and face from beneath the neck. It can then track entire facial expressions in real-time.
 
Speechin, a necklace, has an infrared camera set on a 3D-printed necklace casing that is hung on a silver chain and points up at the wearer's chin. The developers added a wing to each side and a coin to the center for further stability.
 
A necklace-mounted IR camera could be preferable to a standard camera in front of the face for two reasons. A camera in front of an individual's face is photographing what's behind you, which presents privacy concerns.
 
The researchers recruited ten people to quietly recite a list of 72 one-syllable "nonwords" made up of phonemes (combinations of 18 consonants and four vowels) to push the system's limits. As per the tests, the team concluded that SpeeChin detects commands with an average accuracy of 90.5 percent in English and 91.6 percent in Mandarin, respectively.

Geothermal energy refers to the thermal energy in the Earth's crust that comes from the planet's formation and the radioactive decay of elements. Some rock melts and solid mantle behaves plastically due to the extreme temperature and pressure in the Earth's interior. It is currently unknown but possibly nearly equal quantities.

A Cambridge, Massachusetts-based business has outlined its plans to transform the way traditional power plants generate electricity. They claim to have created a new form of drilling technology that will enable nearly any power plant to switch to geothermal energy as a fuel source. This is no less than a breakthrough for Geothermal Power Market as it is likely to increase the production of Geothermal energy cost-effectively.

These engineers have been working to develop the technology for the past decade. According to the new technology,  a gyrotron-powered drilling platform vaporizes a borehole. This is done by releasing the millimeter-sized energy waves from the drill bit's tip. The energy waves are generated on the surface and have a frequency that is similar to that of microwaves. The energy waves smash the rock as the hole is drilled, allowing for far deeper drilling than conventional drills.
Water can be pushed down the hole's depths. The heat from the Earth converts it to steam, which erupts like a geyser back up out of the hole. In addition, it may also be used indefinitely to generate electricity from a geothermal energy source as it is less expensive to generate electricity than traditional techniques.

The drilling depth required for any specific site will vary according to its unique geology. However, most sites will only require drilling to a depth of about 20 kilometers. They also point out that the Earth's temperature would be around 370 degrees Celsius at such depths. This is more than hot enough to generate the amount of steam required to power a turbine.

The team also pointed out that most coal or fuel oil power plants burn their fuel to generate steam, then spin a turbine. As a result, they propose that if a well could be dug on-site at an existing facility, it would be a simple thing to change the steam source. As a result, it stops emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

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According to an old proverb, a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. This proverb is frequently applied to settings other than chains, for example, in the case of a group of climbers chained together as they ascend the snowy Mt. Everest. If one climber is extremely sluggish, the remaining climbers—even the most capable athlete—will have to go at the same pace, hurting the team's ability to summit the peak.
 
This proverb now applies to the understanding and design of lithium-ion batteries and other battery technologies for electric vehicles and grid applications.
 
A research group has shared their thoughts on detecting and speeding up the slowest parts in the battery's electrochemical process. Thus, resulting in improved battery system performance. The findings were arrived at whilst studying and constructing the battery. The study is highly relevant for Next-generation Battery Market as the researchers focused on the battery's electrochemistry process or how lithium ions flow across different regions in the battery when power is created.
 
When developing new materials, electrolytes, or batteries, researchers stated that it's critical to think about a complete loop of ion-electron flow in the cells. Moreover, using electrochemistry to identify the slowest steps is also essential. Then measures to speed up specific steps can be applied to regulate the entire process effectively.
 
The researchers concentrated on the battery's electrochemistry process. Further, they also looked at the way lithium ions flow through different battery sections as power was generated.
 
The team added that lithium ions go from one electrode to the other in steps before undergoing an electrochemical reaction. These phases include ion transit within dense and thick electrodes and lithium-ion diffusion in the liquid electrolyte. Further, ions also pass through electrode surface coatings. The slowest stage is determined by various factors, including the materials used and the characteristics of the electrodes.

The researchers used their electrochemistry understanding to better comprehend two alternative lithium-ion battery cell designs in the pouch and cylindrical batteries: high energy and high power. They also looked at how pouch cells and cylinder cells were assembled in battery packs for electric vehicles and grid energy storage.
 
At last, researchers concluded that both academic research and corporate R&D need to use electrochemistry to identify and address the slowest phases in batteries.
 
Electrochemistry assists scientists in directly targeting the 'weakest' link in the cell by proposing the right materials in the right spot. Moreover, it also facilitates the industry in designing high-performance batteries that are faster and less expensive to electric power vehicles, grids, and other applications.
 
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