Perovskite is a very intriguing material and is at the forefront of solar energy research and design. Particular emphasis is given to 2D perovskite devices in research as they boast superior stability and durability compared to ‘3D’ perovskite cells. However, the hurdle between the wide acceptability of 2D perovskite cells is that there has been less understanding of its structures.
New research has brought forth that 2D thin films used for some perovskite solar cells resemble a sandwich. The study might turn out to be an enormous breakthrough for Solar Panel Market as it provides a better fundamental understanding of perovskite structure inside a key component and could potentially help in the development of next-generation solar panels. This is because the research provides insight into the real structure of these films and how they actually work in solar cells.
Before this, scientists believed that 2D perovskite films had more of a ‘gradient’ structure, wherein particular components were present deep inside the material. That is with other complementary elements positioned closer to the surface, similar to the topping on a cracker. However, this study proves that the structure is more sandwich-like with two layers of the same type, which can be considered a break surrounded by a central layer, i.e., the filling of the sandwich.
The newly proposed layout inspires excitons (quasiparticles crucial for changing sunlight to electricity) to migrate from the central to both surfaces of the film. Whereas the free carriers move to charge for collection through electrodes, leading to efficient solar energy generation once it is incorporated into devices.
The team developed a prototype 2D device that demonstrated 13% efficiency. Furthermore, this study is not only beneficial for solar cells. Still, it has several other applications in LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) and photodetectors (biomedical imaging, security, motion detection, optical communications, gas sensing, video imaging, and night-vision, etc.).
Now, there is a better fundamental understanding of the structure; researchers are set to take a step further and look into improving the efficiency of the device by tinkering with the thickness of the layers present inside the perovskite “sandwich.” This is a novel approach as the structure was never considered a sandwich before; instead, the conventional gradient distribution model was the established idea. This is why the team is optimistic that their design and device optimization would lead to high-performance 2D cells and LEDs.
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